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Good or Bad Pet Products, Private Labeling

There is an increase in private labeling of pet goods which can make it difficult for families to distinguish between good and bad products.

What is private labeling?
Private labeling is when a company asks someone else to make a product for them, but put the company’s name on the label. We’re familiar with groceries that private label. The grocery develops a label, but not the product. The grocery buys the product from a distributor. The distributor buys ingredients from several different companies, and the more different suppliers the distributor uses, the more it is assured of a constant supply—although the less it will be certain of the quality of the ingredients.

What's the trouble with private labeling?
As an example of private labeling, a grocery’s store brand of sliced ham could contain meat from South Carolina flavored with maple sugar from Canada, and it would bear a label that says “made in the U.S.” It is the ability to buy ingredients from different countries and put them together in the US under a “made in the US” label that made it difficult for families to tell which dog and cat foods were contaminated with Chinese wheat gluten during the pet food poisonings last summer. Among companies that private labeled and marketed pet food with Chinese ingredients were Diamond, Eukanuba, Iams, and many others.

Why private label?
Given the potential for disaster, why do dog food companies and groceries private label foods?--Money. Companies make more profit from goods bearing their own label because they can control total cost and how much of that cost is profit. For example, the British company Tesco set its profit on private label items at 21% about 4 years ago. Then, each year Tesco raised its profit by 3% so that today private labeled Tesco goods net a profit of 34%.

Other ways to make money with private-labeled goods
In addition to making money by controlling percentage of profit, companies can increase profit if they tell distributors to purchase cheaper ingredients. Thus, a company marketing dog food can tell the distributor to switch from moderately-priced fish to the cheapest fish on the market. As consumers, we won’t know the switch has been made because there’s no indication on the label. Unfortunately, this is not a case of what we don’t know won’t hurt us because fish becomes cheap because it is older and oxidized. The more oxidized it is, the greater the likelihood it will generate f free radicals within our pets’ cells. Free radicals promote DNA damage, and this damage predisposes to the development of cancer. In dogs with a genetic tendency to develop cancer, the healthy-sounding pet food that’s full of fish may be precisely the reason that cancer develops.

How widespread is private labelling?
Currently, 16% of goods are marketed under private labels, but the percentage is expected to grow to 25% within 10 years. At 25%, goods sold under private labels would represent over $55 billion in annual sales.

What can you do to keep your pet healthy?
As a consumer, what can you do to keep your pet healthy?
1. Make more of your own food and use less of commercial food.
2. Buy pet food from small companies that are building their reputation and for whom every sale counts.
3. Avoid buying from established companies with shareholders. Generally, shareholders focus is on dividends and not on the health of your pet.
4. Don’t generalize and assume that because there are good items in a company’s line of goods, their other items will also be good. For example, don’t assume that because a company has a good joint medication it also has good pet food.
5. Realize that all companies have a limited amount of money to spend and the more they put into developing a beautiful label or TV commercials, the less money they allocated to buy premium ingredients.
6. Ask holistic veterinarians what they feed their pets and why.

To learn more about keeping your pet healthy and how to avoid spending your money on products that aren’t good for your pet, visit the Nutrition Section in Holistic Veterinary Medicine at www.YoMamaWasADog.com.
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Emergency Stomach Surgery, The Most Commonly Eaten Objects

Ever wonder what pets eat that need to be pulled back out through their mouths via surgical endoscopy or pulled out through a surgically engineered hole in the stomach? Well, the most commonly removed items are:
• Socks
• Underwear
• Panty hose
• Rocks
• Balls
• Chew toys
• Corn cobs
• Bones
• Hair ties and ribbons
• Sticks

If you’ve just gotten a new puppy, either put $5,000 in a piggy bank on your dresser for emergency gastric surgery, or pick up all the items that are the list.
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The Best Veterinarians

We’re saying thanks this holiday for those who touch our pet’s lives all year. In a previous blog, we described why we appreciate humane society and animal shelter employees, and in this blog, we say thanks to veterinarians.

I know what it’s like to need a veterinarian even though I’m a veterinarian myself and take care of other’s pets. I know what it’s like because when my own pets are sick, I act like the proverbial hysterical parent. The colleagues who have helped with my pets this year are examples of exceptional professionals, being both well educated and spiritually balanced: Dr. Pamela Bouchard and Dr. Rachel Griffith anesthetized Sam and helped diagnose his breathing problems. Dr. Carol Falck treated Star for hematuria; Dr. Xie and Dr. Nancy Keller helped with Sam’s cancer.

There are hundreds of veterinarians that go the extra mile not just for pets like Sam & Star who belong to a colleague, but for every pet. They spend hours learning new, more effective techniques, reading charts, analyzing lab results, and contacting their patients. Among the veterinarians that set stellar examples of professionalism, kindness, and wisdom are:

Steven Blake
The Pet Whisperer
12436 Grainwood Way San Diego, CA 92131
http://www.thepetwhisperer.com/

Mary Battistella
Wayside Animal Hospital
2630 Dadeville Rd
Alexander City , AL 35010
www.waysideanimalhospital.com

Mona Boudreau
A Time To Heal
PO Box 587
Wonder Lake, IL 60097
www.atimetohealherbs.com

Paula Broadfoot
Broadfoot Veterinary Clinic
6509 Alma Hwy
Van Buren , AR 72956
479 632 2256

Pamela Bouchard
Tender Care Animal Hospital
1569 4th St
San Rafael, CA 94901
415 454 4994

Chuck Coleman
8823 Sandifur Parkway
Pasco, WA 99301
www.animalhealing.net

Carol Falck
Friendship Animal Wellness
415 South Federal Highway
Pompano Beach, FL 33062
954 943 6868

Bruce Ferguson
Holistic Veterinary Care
P.O. Box 7100,
Karawara
Western Australia, 6150
www.naturalvet.org

Rachel Griffith
Tender Care Animal Hospital
1569 4th St
San Rafael, CA 94901
415 454 4994

Jean Hofve
PO Box 18976
Boulder CO 80308
www.spiritessence.com

Nancy Keller
Healing Heart
208 NE Third St
Boynton Beach, FL 33435
561 547 8277

Steve Marsden
Edmonton Holistic Veterinary Clinic
8215 – 102nd Street
Edmonton, AL T6E 4A6
www.Pets4Life.com

Mark Norman
Bethany Family Pet Clinic
4744 NW Bethany Blvd
Portland, OR
503 614 9061

Elena Petrali
Dewdney, BC Canada
604 826 1133

Linda Rodgers
Slade Veterinary Hospital
334 Concord St
Framingham, MA
www.sladevet.com

Cheryl Schwartz
847 ½ Walnut St
Alameda, CA 94501
510 523 4490

Jackie Shellow
Tiegland Franklin & Brokken
12277 SW 55th ST #909
Ft. Lauderdale FL 33330
www.tfb-horsevets.com

Madelyn Ward
Bear Creek Veterinary Clinic
11608 FM 1826
Austin, TX 78737
www.holistichorsekeeping.com

Shen Huisheng Xie
Chi Institute & Jing-tang Herbal
9700 West Hwy 318
Reddick, FL 32686
www.tcvmherbal.com
www.tcvm.com

Every pet deserves veterinarians like these.
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Humane Society and Animal Shelters

Humane Society and Animal Shelters Do A Wonderful Job
Humane Society and Animal Shelter employees give pets a second chance. They make it possible for us to adopt dogs and cats that are loving, loyal, and grateful for a new home. These wonderful people take on the difficult tasks of supervising, feeding, and cleaning abandoned dogs and cats. They also assume the most difficult task—euthanizing them.

These individuals refuse to mistreat dogs and cats just because are homeless, and every year, they lovingly hold 10,000,000 pets as the life passes out of them.

We’re grateful to the thousands of humane society and animal shelter workers, and this year, we’re particularly grateful to Diana Townsend. Diana Townsend is the euthanasia technician from Gallatin, Tenn., who videoed a veterinarian mishandling pets at Summer County Animal Control. Ms. Townsend took this action after expressing concern to her supervisor, Hank Thompson, who did not investigate. Because Mr. Thompson did not act, Ms Townsend surreptitiously filmed Dr. Barber,the veterinarian hired to euthanize pets, as he stepped on them, plunged a syringe into the heart, and euthanized them in an inhumane manner.

Everyone associated with pets, from those trained to administer euthanasia to those who've never thought about what's involved with killing an unwanted animal, realize this approach is unnecessarily cruel. Because Ms. Townsend released the video to the media, it will be stopped. Dr. Baber has been charged with criminal malpractice and incompetence.

We believe most humane society and animal shelter employees have the same level of concern and courage that Ms. Townsend has, and this holiday we acknowledge them all.

Thank you for your undying optimism and for creating an environment of hope for abandoned dogs and cats.
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Pet Lovers

This holiday, when so many families are getting puppies and kittens, let’s say thanks to those who touch our pets’ lives all year.
• Humane Society and Animal Shelter employees
• Veterinarians
• Vet techs and office managers
• Supplement suppliers
• Dog Walkers
• City planners who include dog parks and dog beaches.

Over the next few blogs, we’ll identify examples of individuals in some of these groups and why we’re grateful to them.
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Bad Veterinarian Suspended

We just covered the potential negative effects of neutering and spaying. Are you thinking this is ammunition to justify not having our pets spayed and neutered? Then, consider this: a surreptitious video taken by a volunteer at the Summer County Animal Control in Gallatin, TN, shows the veterinarian hired to euthanize dogs and cats stepped on them, then injected them through the heart to kill them.

We create a world in which dogs and cats are devalued when we don’t spay and neuter. It’s our unaltered pets that produce unwanted puppies and kittens. One by one, these unwanted animals add up until they become the 10,000,000 euthanized every year.

The veterinarian, Dr. William Baber, who stepped on pets and plunged a needle into their hearts, reflects our nonchalant disregard of pet life. What Dr. Barber has done is to assume that the animals he sees, the millions euthanized, do not matter to society.

Spaying and neutering show how much we love pets and how much we value each individual life. If spayed and neutered pets are at increased health risk after being surgically altered, we can take steps that help prevent these problems. We cannot use the potential for these problems to occur to justify not having pets altered.

Show the Dr. Babers of the world that every pet matters. Every pet deserves a good life and loving arms around it as it passes from this life.
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Neutering Male Dogs

There are both positive and negative aspects to spaying and neutering. In previous blogs we’ve reviewed some of the positive reasons for spaying and neutering:
  • No unwanted pregnancies
  • Decreased tendency to roam
  • Decreased tendency to urine mark
  • Decreased mammary cancer
  • Decreased uterine infection (pyometra)

Today, let’s look male dogs, and the negative aspects of neutering. By acknowledging there are negative aspects, we can focus on preventing or delaying their development.

Common problems that increase if male dogs are neutered:
1. Surgical complications
2. Cancer of the prostate
3. Cancer of the bladder (transitional cell carcinoma)
4. Cancer of the bone (osteosarcoma)
5. Cancer of the blood vessels (hemangiosarcoma)
6. Knee injuries and rupture of knee ligaments (CCL cranial cruciate ligament)
7. Obesity
8. Diabetes


1. Surgical complications in neutered dogs
Dogs that are neutered are deeply anesthetized so that the testicles can be removed through an incision in the scrotum or abdomen. If 100 neuter surgeries are done, 6 dogs will have a negative event associated with surgery. Fortunately, these negative events are usually mild. For example, there is an increase in vomiting and stomach upset, and some dogs will have infected incisions. Dogs that were older and larger or that were less than 12 weeks old had the greatest number of problems.

Although no one calibrates brain changes associated with anesthesia in routine spay and neuter surgery, researchers have documented increases in tangle proteins in pet brains following anesthesia. These are similar to the tangled proteins found in humans as they develop Alzheimer’s disease. For this reason, dogs expected to think on the job may be better off without being neutered or with great attention to preventing adverse events during surgery.

To avoid complications with surgery:
Begin silymarin, SAMe, Omega 3 fatty acids, and other supplements that strengthen the liver and increase the rate it will detoxify anesthetic agents at least two weeks before surgery. Continue them for at least two weeks following surgery.
Ask for IV fluids during and after surgery to promote the flushing of materials from the fat, brain, blood, and tissues.
Ensure the surgeon is exceptionally skilled and efficient with the surgery.

2. Cancer of the prostate
Between 2-6 dogs in 1000 develops prostate cancer, and the likelihood of prostate cancer more than doubles if dogs are neutered. Prostate cancer is usually a serious metastatic disease and may spread to the bones.

To prevent or delay prostate cancer, avoid toxic food and environmental exposures such as creosote soaked decks and dog houses, beds that are close to televisions or strong electrical devices. Provide food rich in natural antioxidants, such as green tea, whole brown rice, deeply colored fruits and vegetables. Avoid meat from cattle, sheep, or poultry that’s raised with chemicals and growth hormone promoters. Avoid feeding old kibble that may have fatty acids that have oxidized.

Although neutered dogs are more likely to develop prostatic cancer, 95% of intact dogs have enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hypertrophy) by the time they are 9 years of age. BPH may interfere with the passage of stool, but it does not interfere with the passage of urine as it does in human males.

3. Cancer of the bladder (transitional cell carcinoma)
About 1 in 100 dogs with a malignant tumor will have a cancer of the bladder (transitional cell carcinoma or TCC). Neutered dogs are 2-4 times more likely to develop TCC than are intact dogs. Breeds with an increased tendency to develop bladder cancer are the Airedale, Beagle, Collie, Scotty, Sheltie, Westie, and Wire Fox Terrier. These breeds may have a genetic predisposition toward developing TCC.

To prevent or delay TCC, avoid toxic food and environmental exposures. Some dogs, such as Scotties, are especially sensitive to herbicides and pesticides used on lawns and develop bladder cancer after their families have the yard treated. Although no sensitivity has been shown to topical or oral flea and tick treatments, I would not use them on Scotties and other dogs sensitive to lawn chemicals. Other toxic exposures to avoid include creosote treated decks and dog houses, paints, solvents, and chemicals used on cars and boats. In addition, don’t place a dog’s bed near a television or equipment that emits strong radiation.

Provide food rich in natural antioxidants, such as green tea, whole brown rice, deeply colored fruits and vegetables. Use organic meats. Avoid meat from cattle, sheep, or poultry that’s raised with chemicals and growth hormone promoters. Avoid feeding old kibble that may have fatty acids that have oxidized.

4. Cancer of the bone (osteosarcoma)
Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer that spreads quickly throughout the body and causes extreme pain. The odds of developing osteosarcoma increase in neutered dogs, especially in the dogs are large boned, such as the Doby, Great Dane, Irish Setter, Irish Wolfhound, Rottie, and Saint Bernard.

To prevent osteosarcoma, don’t neuter a large-boned dog before it has have reached full size. This allows the sex hormone testosterone to control bone growth and decreases the likelihood of osteosarcoma. In addition, prevent toxin exposures and feed properly as described in previous paragraphs on bladder and prostate cancer.

5. Cancer of the blood vessels (hemangiosarcoma)
Hemangiosarcoma is the most common canine tumor and it is more than twice as likely to occur in neutered dogs. Breeds most likely to develop hemangiosarcoma are the Boxer, English Setter, German Shepherd, Golden, Great Dane, Lab, Pointer, Poodle, and Husky. Tumors develop in the spleen, heart, and other organs and can spread through the body.

To prevent or delay the development of hemangiosarcoma, use the suggestions in the in previous paragraphs on bladder and prostate cancer on avoiding toxins and feeding properly.

6. Knee injuries and rupture of knee ligaments (CCL cranial cruciate ligament)
About 2 dogs in 100 develop ruptured knee ligaments. Breeds at greatest risk are the large or giant breeds, including those that are active in the field: Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Akita, Pit Bull, Rottie, Samoyed, Saint Bernard, and German Shepherd.

To prevent CCL injury, keep dogs light weight and avoid repetitive training that strains the same muscles repeatedly. Don’t start serious training until dogs are fully grown. Use warm-up periods before asking for all-out effort. Give joint supplements, Omega 3 fatty acids, and feed with deeply colored fruits and vegetables to provide antioxidants. Rest dogs that have knee injuries and use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as little as possible since they delay healing—although they do help control pain. Provide good supportive footing in the house, and a warm, comfortable bed.

7. Obesity in neutered dogs
Estimates are that more than 30% of dogs become obese after being spayed or neutered. Breeds at greatest risk for obesity include the Beagle, Cairn Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Cocker Spaniel, Dachshund, and Labrador. Obesity is unhealthy and predisposes dogs to develop diabetes, pancreatitis, and joint problems.

To prevent obesity, change the food by decreasing carbohydrates and increasing protein. Use home-cooked or canned foods, and avoid using kibble as the mainstay in the diet. Provide plenty of raw vegetables, bones, and toys so dogs can satisfy the need to chew without eating. Don’t provide chew objects that are small enough to be swallowed and stick in the throat or intestines.

8. Diabetes in neutered dogs
Neutered dogs are more likely to develop diabetes than are intact dogs. Diabetes is an illness caused when the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin to move sugar from the blood and into the cells. The high blood sugar predispose diabetic pets to develop skin infections, bladder infections, nerves that don’t work, and eye problems. The risk of developing diabetes is greatest in Miniature and Toy Poodles, Miniature Schnauzers, Pugs, and Samoyeds. Dogs with diabetes require insulin injections.

To help prevent diabetes, keep dogs the normal weight, and watch what you feed. Avoid foods with simple carbohydrates and sweeteners, including flour, wheat gluten, corn meal, sugar, glucose, and fructose. Feeding high protein foods is always best. Don’t be fooled by pet food advertising so that you look at the pretty pictures rather than the label. If you’re unsure of what is ideal for your dog, ask your holistic veterinarian.

Although some cats that develop diabetes can return to normal if they change their diet and lose weight, this is seldom possible for diabetic dogs.

Summary
We’ve just reviewed some of the medical problems that are more likely to occur in neutered dogs than in intact dogs. These medical problems don’t mean that dogs should not be neutered; they mean we need to pay attention. For sure, we need to feed dogs properly, avoid toxin exposures, and prevent obesity. If we take good care of our neutered dogs, they will be around for many more years than the average intact dog. That means more years for us to love them.
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Spaying Female Dogs

There are both positive and negative aspects to spaying and neutering. In previous blogs we’ve reviewed some of the positive reasons for spaying and neutering:

  • No unwanted pregnancies

  • Decreased tendency to roam

  • Decreased tendency to urine mark

  • Decreased mammary cancer

  • Decreased uterine infection (pyometra).


We've also covered the negative effects of spaying cats:
· Surgical complications
· Obesity
· Feline urinary tract disease (FLUTD)
· Diabetes
Today, let’s look female dogs, and the negative aspects of spaying. By acknowledging there are negative aspects, we can focus on preventing or delaying their development.

Common problems that increase if female dogs are spayed:

1. Surgical complications
2. Aggression
3. Cancer of the bladder (transitional cell carcinoma)
4. Cancer of the bone (osteosarcoma)
5. Cancer of the blood vessels (hemangiosarcoma)
6. Knee injuries and rupture of knee ligaments (CCL cranial cruciate ligament)
7. Obesity
8. Diabetes
9. Urinary incontinence


1. Surgical complications in spayed dogs (ovariohysterectomy or OVH)
Dogs that are spayed are deeply anesthetized so that the ovaries and uterus can be removed through an incision in the abdomen. If 100 spay surgeries are done, 6 dogs will have a negative event associated with surgery. Fortunately, these negative events are usually mild. For example, there is an increase in vomiting and stomach upset, and some dogs will have infected incisions. Dogs that were fatter, older, or that were less than 12 weeks of age had the greatest number of problems.

Although no one calibrates brain changes associated with anesthesia in routine spay and neuter surgery, researchers have documented increases in tangle proteins in pet brains following anesthesia. These are similar to the tangled proteins found in humans as they develop Alzheimer’s disease. For this reason, dogs expected to think on the job may be better off without being spayed or with great attention to preventing adverse events during surgery.

To avoid complications with surgery:
Begin silymarin, SAMe, Omega 3 fatty acids, and other supplements that strengthen the liver and increase the rate it will detoxify anesthetic agents at least two weeks before surgery. Continue them for at least two weeks following surgery.
Ask for IV fluids during and after surgery to promote the flushing of materials from the fat, brain, blood, and tissues.
Ensure the surgeon is exceptionally skilled and efficient with the surgery.

2. Aggression
Female dogs with aggressive tendencies are more likely to more aggressive after being spayed than are intact dogs. Aggression included reactions toward family members, strangers, and strange dogs.

To prevent aggression in dogs, only obtain pups from dogs whose parents are not aggressive. Train dogs early, and use positive rather than negative enforcement. Feed properly, especially with Omega 3 fatty acids for healthy brain development. Do not spay an aggressive female hoping that the surgery will make her more social and trustworthy. Training will help, but spaying is not the answer. Use pheromones to relax the dogs so they are less likely to react with fear-based anxiety. See a behaviorist.

3. Cancer of the bladder (transitional cell carcinoma)
About 1 in 100 dogs with a malignant tumor will have a cancer of the bladder (transitional cell carcinoma or TCC). Spayed dogs are 2-4 times more likely to develop TCC than are intact dogs. Breeds with an increased tendency to develop bladder cancer are the Airedale, Beagle, Collie, Scotty, Sheltie, Westie, and Wire Fox Terrier. These breeds may have a genetic predisposition toward developing TCC.

To prevent or delay TCC, avoid toxic food and environmental exposures. Some dogs, such as Scotties, are especially sensitive to herbicides and pesticides used on lawns and develop bladder cancer after their families have the yard treated. Although no sensitivity has been shown to topical or oral flea and tick treatments, I would not use them on Scotties and other dogs sensitive to lawn chemicals. Other toxic exposures to avoid include creosote treated decks and dog houses, paints, solvents, and chemicals used on cars and boats. In addition, don’t place a dog’s bed near a television or equipment that emits strong radiation.

Provide food rich in natural antioxidants, such as green tea, whole brown rice, deeply colored fruits and vegetables. Use organic meats. Avoid meat from cattle, sheep, or poultry that’s raised with chemicals and growth hormone promoters. Avoid feeding old kibble that may have fatty acids that have oxidized.

4. Cancer of the bone (osteosarcoma)
Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer that spreads quickly throughout the body and causes extreme pain. The odds of developing osteosarcoma increase in spayed dogs, especially in the dogs are large boned, such as the Doby, Great Dane, Irish Setter, Irish Wolfhound, Rottie, and Saint Bernard.

To prevent osteosarcoma, don’t spay a large-boned dog before it has have reached full size. This allows the sex hormones to control bone growth and decreases the likelihood of osteosarcoma. In addition, prevent toxin exposures and feed properly as described in previous paragraphs on bladder and prostate cancer.

5. Cancer of the blood vessels (hemangiosarcoma)
Hemangiosarcoma is the most common canine tumor and it is more than twice as likely to occur in the spleen of spayed dogs as in intact dogs. Hemangiosarcoma of the heart is 5 times more likely to occur in spayed dogs than in intact dogs. Breeds most likely to develop hemangiosarcoma are the Boxer, English Setter, German Shepherd, Golden, Great Dane, Lab, Pointer, Poodle, and Husky. Hemangiosarcoma is a metastatic disease and tumors that develop in the spleen and heart can spread through the body.

To prevent or delay the development of hemangiosarcoma, use the suggestions in the in previous paragraphs on bladder cancer on avoiding toxins and feeding properly.

6. Knee injuries and rupture of knee ligaments (CCL cranial cruciate ligament)
Spayed female dogs are more likely than intact dogs to rupture the ligaments in their knees. Breeds at greatest risk are the large or giant breeds, including those that are active in the field: Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Chesapeake Bay Retriever, Akita, Pit Bull, Rottie, Samoyed, Saint Bernard, and German Shepherd.

To prevent CCL injury, keep dogs light weight and avoid repetitive training that strains the same muscles repeatedly. Don’t start serious training until dogs are fully grown. Use warm-up periods before asking for all-out effort. Give joint supplements, Omega 3 fatty acids, and feed with deeply colored fruits and vegetables to provide antioxidants. Rest dogs that have knee injuries and use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as little as possible since they delay healing—although they do help control pain. Provide good supportive footing in the house, and a warm, comfortable bed.

7. Obesity in spayed dogs
Estimates are that 38% of spayed dogs are overweight or obese. Breeds at greatest risk for obesity include the Beagle, Cairn Terrier, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Cocker Spaniel, Dachshund, and Labrador. Obesity is unhealthy and predisposes dogs to develop diabetes, pancreatitis, and joint problems.

To prevent obesity, change the food by decreasing carbohydrates and increasing protein. Use home-cooked or canned foods, and avoid using kibble as the mainstay in the diet. Provide plenty of raw vegetables, bones, and toys so dogs can satisfy the need to chew without eating. Don’t provide chew objects that are small enough to be swallowed and stick in the throat or intestines.

8. Diabetes in spayed dogs
Spayed dogs are more likely to develop diabetes than are intact dogs. Diabetes is an illness caused when the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin to move sugar from the blood and into the cells. The high blood sugar predispose diabetic pets to develop skin infections, bladder infections, nerves that don’t work, and eye problems. The risk of developing diabetes is greatest in Miniature and Toy Poodles, Miniature Schnauzers, Pugs, and Samoyeds. Dogs with diabetes require insulin injections.

To help prevent diabetes, keep dogs the normal weight, and watch what you feed. Avoid foods with simple carbohydrates and sweeteners, including flour, wheat gluten, corn meal, sugar, glucose, and fructose. Feeding high protein foods is always best. Don’t be fooled by pet food advertising so that you look at the pretty pictures rather than the label. If you’re unsure of what is ideal for your dog, ask your holistic veterinarian.

Although some cats that develop diabetes can return to normal if they change their diet and lose weight, this is seldom possible for diabetic dogs.

9. Urinary Incontinence
Although urinary incontinence may seem inconsequential compared with bone, bladder, and blood cancers, it is more common and it causes more families to request euthanasia than cancers do. Urinary incontinence is so common in large-breed dogs that it occurs in 1 of 4 or 1 of 5 spayed dogs. Breeds at greatest risk include the Boxer, Doby, Giant Schnauzer, Irish Setter, Labrador, Old English Sheepdog, Rottie, Springer Spaniel, and Weimaraner. Small and medium-sized dogs also develop incontinence, but it occurs in about 10% rather than in 20%-25%.

To delay or prevent incontinence, prevent obesity. If incontinence occurs, acupuncture, Chinese herbs, and Western medicine is helpful.

Summary
We’ve just reviewed some of the medical problems that are more likely to occur in spayed dogs than in intact dogs. These medical problems don’t mean that dogs should not be spayed; they mean we need to pay attention. For sure, we need to feed dogs properly, avoid toxin exposures, and prevent obesity. If we take good care of our spayed dogs, they will be around for many more years than the average intact dog. That means more years for us to love them.
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Spaying Female Cats

There are both positive and negative aspects to spaying and neutering. In previous blogs we’ve reviewed some of the positive reasons for spaying and neutering:

  • No unwanted pregnancies

  • Decreased tendency to roam

  • Decreased tendency to urine mark

  • Decreased mammary cancer

  • Decreased uterine infection (pyometra)


Today, let’s look female cats, and the negative aspects of spaying cats. By acknowledging there are negative aspects, we can focus on preventing or delaying their development.

Common problems that increase if cats are spayed:
1. Surgical complications
2. Obesity
3. Feline urinary tract disease (FLUTD)
4. Diabetes

1. Surgical complications in spayed cats
Cats that are spayed (ovariohysterectomy or OHE) are deeply anesthetized so that the ovaries and uterus can be removed through an incision in the abdomen. If 100 spay surgeries are done, 2 and 3 cats will have a negative event associated with surgery. Fortunately, these negative events are usually mild. For example, there is an increase in vomiting and stomach upset, and some cats will have infected incisions. The chubbier the cat, or the longer the cat is in surgery, the greater the likelihood of a negative event.

Although we’re focusing on spay surgery, many times cats are declawed at the same surgery. The additional declaw procedure increases surgical time and increases the likelihood of negative events. In addition, declawing is almost never a wise medical decision. Keep spay surgery time short and do not add extra procedures.

To avoid complications with surgery:
Begin silymarin, SAMe, Omega 3 fatty acids, and other supplements that strengthen the liver and increase the rate it will detoxify anesthetic agents at least two weeks before surgery. Continue them for at least two weeks following surgery.
Ask for IV fluids during and after surgery to promote the flushing of materials from the fat, brain, blood, and tissues.
Ensure the surgeon is exceptionally skilled and efficient with the surgery.

2. Obesity in spayed cats
Estimates are that more than 40% of cats become obese after being spayed or neutered. Obesity is unhealthy and predisposes cats to develop diabetes, pancreatitis, steatitis, and joint problems.

To prevent obesity in spayed cats, change the food by decreasing carbohydrates and increasing protein. Use home-cooked or canned foods, and avoid using kibble as the mainstay in the diet.

3. Feline urinary tract disease (FLUTD) in spayed cats
Many cats develop bladder and urinary tract diseases that cause them to urinate outside the litter box, have painful urination, frequent urination, or blood in the urine. The likelihood of developing FLUTD is greater in spayed cats than in intact cats. These are not infections caused by bacteria but are problems related to eating kibble or dry foods and having foods with a pH that allows stones to form.

To help prevent FLUTD in spayed cats, feed two or three smaller, moist meals a day rather than dry kibble. Keep deliciously clean water available, which for some cats means a little bubbling fountain or a dripping faucet. Watch the pH of the foods and don’t swing far from neutral because foods that are overly acidic or overly alkaline increase the likelihood of bladder problems. Also, don’t let cats become obese because chubbier spayed cats have a greater chance of developing FLUTD than do light-weight cats.

The good news about the spayed cat’s bladder is that although spayed cats develop urinary tract disease, they don’t appear to develop bladder cancer more often than intact cats. This is unlike the circumstances for dogs where spayed or neutered dogs are more likely to develop bladder cancer than are intact dogs.

4. Diabetes in spayed cats
Spayed cats are more than 8 times more likely to develop diabetes than are intact cats. Diabetes is an illness caused when the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin to move sugar from the blood and into the cells. The high blood sugar predispose diabetic pets to develop skin infections, bladder infections, nerves that don’t work, and eye problems. The risk of developing diabetes is greatest in Burmese cats, obese cats, and male cats. Cats with diabetes require insulin injections.

To help prevent diabetes, keep cats the normal weight, and watch what you feed. Avoid foods with simple carbohydrates and sweeteners, including flour, wheat gluten, corn meal, sugar, glucose, and fructose. Feeding high protein foods is always best. Don’t be fooled by pet food advertising so that you look at the pretty pictures rather than the label. If you’re unsure of what is ideal for your cat, ask your holistic veterinarian.

Fortunately, some cats that develop diabetes can return to normal if they change their diet and lose weight. This includes cats that need insulin injections when they are first diagnosed with diabetes.

Summary
We’ve just reviewed some of the medical problems that are more likely to occur in spayed cats than in intact cats. These medical problems don’t mean that cats should not be spayed; they mean we need to pay attention. For sure, we need to feed cats properly, ensure water intake, and prevent obesity. If we take good care of our spayed cats, they will be around for many more years than the average unspayed cat. That means more years for us to love them.

In future blogs, we'll look at what's good and what's bad about spaying female dogs and neutering male dogs.



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    Spaying and Neutering Dogs and Cats

    Spaying and Neutering Dogs and Cats: What’s Good and What’s Bad
    A couple days ago, we looked at the benefit testosterone has on male birds--it makes them better singers. While singing may seem a superficial benefit, there are many benefits to male sex hormone (testosterone) and to the female sex hormone (estrogen):

    • normal bone and ligament growth
    • fewer athletic injuries,
    • less cancer,
    • less tendency to urinary incontinence,
    • less tendency to roam.
    Even with these benefits, for most dogs and cats, it's best to spay and neuter them early in life.

    Although we recommend that male dogs are neutered and female dogs are spayed, we recognize there are negative aspects to neutering and spaying . Let’s look at the positive reasons to alter dogs first, then at the problems we cause because we alter them. Knowing these problems allows us to take steps to prevent them.

    Benefits of spaying and neutering:
    1. No unwanted pregnancies
    2. Decreased tendency to roam
    3. Decreased tendency to urine mark
    4. Decreased mammary cancer
    5. Decreased uterine infection (pyometra)

    1. No unwanted pregnancies
    Almost 60% of puppies and 70% of kittens born in the US are from unplanned pregnancies. Millions of these innocent little puppies and kittens are taken to animal shelters where their first few months of life are not conducive to growing into healthy, well balanced adults. Not that all these puppies and kittens have a chance to be grow. We euthanize around 10,000,000 pets every year, many are puppies and kittens.

    Unwanted pregnancies occur because almost 60% of families with female dogs don’t realize they can come into heat twice a year. Over 80% of families with cats don’t realize that queens are seasonally polyestrous, which means they can be in heat for several weeks at a time more than once a year.

    2. Decreased tendency to roam
    Most families don’t realize the intensity of the pet’s drive to reproduce. This drive makes human lust look inconsequential, and I’m including the lust that gets Presidents into trouble and prom queens redirecting their energies from college entrance exams to diaper etiquette. Pet lust compels dogs and cats to dig under fences, cross interstate highways, and live for weeks on garbage rather than sleep at home with a nice warm bed and hot meals. Animal lust is responsible for expensive visits to the emergency room, hours of searching for lost pets, and the heartache that comes from never seeing a beloved pet again. This pain and expense is eliminated by spaying and neutering.

    3. Decreased tendency to urine mark
    Intact male dogs insist on bragging to the animal world about how much territory they have dominion over. Their bragging takes the form of urine spraying. After one dog begins to brag, the others brag to prove they have just as much right to the living room, kitchen, bedroom, porch and yard as anyone else has. The intact females soon join in; then, the spayed and neutered pets add their wee initials. Once urine marking starts, it isn’t controlled by screaming, throwing foam balls, spraying water, or any other tricks. It can, however, be prevented by neutering and spaying early in life before the tendency to mark begins.

    4. Decreased mammary cancer
    Spaying dogs early in life helps prevent the number one cause of cancer—mammary cancer. In dogs, half the cases of mammary cancer will be metastatic disease that leads to premature death. For cats, the mammary cancer is less common than in dogs, but when it occurs, it is 90% likely to be fatal, metastatic disease. Dog breeds most likely to develop mammary cancer include the Boxer, Dachshund, Spaniels (Brittany, Cocker, and English Springer), English Setter, German Shepherd, Maltese, Miniature and Toy Poodle, Pointer, and Yorkshire Terrier. Cat breeds most likely to develop mammary cancer include the Siamese and Japanese domestic breeds.

    5. Decreased uterine infection
    Uterine infections or pyometra (pyo=pus and metra=uterus) are very serious in older, unspayed female dogs. By the time dogs are 10 years old, the incidence of pyometra is almost 25%. These infections are difficult and expensive to treat and are often fatal. They are prevented by spaying.

    Cats can also develop pyometra, especially when they are older, but cats are less likely to have uterine infections than dogs are. In addition, feline uterine infections are less likely than canine infections to be fatal.

    For these 5 serious concerns, spaying and neutering is recommended for most cats and dogs.

    What about the problems caused by spaying and neutering?
    In future blogs, we’ll look at the serious negative consequences that accompany spaying and neutering in female cats, female dogs, and male dogs. There is insufficient information to describe negative effects in neutered male cats.

    For female cats problems caused by spaying include:
    1. Surgical complications
    2. Obesity
    3. Feline urinary tract disease (FLUTD)
    4. Diabetes

    For female dogs problems caused by spaying include:
    1. Surgical complications
    2. Aggression
    3. Cancer of the bladder (transitional cell carcinoma)
    4. Cancer of the bone (osteosarcoma)
    5. Cancer of the blood vessels (hemangiosarcoma)
    6. Knee injuries and rupture of knee ligaments (CCL cranial cruciate ligament)
    7. Obesity
    8. Diabetes
    9. Urinary incontinence

    For male dogs problems caused by neutering include:
    1. Surgical complications
    2. Cancer of the prostate
    3. Cancer of the bladder (transitional cell carcinoma)
    4. Cancer of the bone (osteosarcoma)
    5. Cancer of the blood vessels (hemangiosarcoma)
    6. Knee injuries and rupture of knee ligaments (CCL cranial cruciate ligament)
    7. Obesity
    8. Diabetes
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    Diarrhea in Puppies & Kittens




    Jessie & Jason have an adult cat and have recently adopted a kitten that was fostered through the Humane Society. The kitten had diarrhea before they adopted her and was treated with a medication. This weekend, Jessie says the kitten has AWFUL smelling poos that are soft but do not appear bloody. Last night, the kitten has “the runs,” and J&J want to know how to stop the diarrhea. The only change in the kitten’s diet was on Saturday she ate a few dead flies at Jason's mom's house.
    Puppies and kittens often develop diarrhea, and everything the family does to correct this problem will pay off in increased long-term health. The more diligent Jessie & Jason are in the next couple weeks, the sooner the diarrhea will resolve.

    To Start—the fecal sample
    Taking a fecal sample to the vet is the first step they should take, but Jessie & Jason have already had the kitten’s poop analyzed at the Humane Society and it was treated with the medication the HS thought most appropriate.

    So what’s next?
    1. Understand the Causes Of Diarrhea
    2. Diet Change
    3. Use Probiotics
    4. Use Prebiotics
    5. Monitor Your Pet

    1. Causes of Diarrhea
    There are dozens of causes for diarrhea in puppies & kittens, but the most common are:
    · food allergies,
    · bacteria,
    · viruses, and
    · parasites (Coccidia, giardia, and worms).

    Because some of these organisms can infect people and other pets, wash hands after handling pets. With dogs, pick up and discard feces; With cats, and clean litter box thoroughly at least once a day. Don't clean the box with bleach because cats may quit using the box if they don't like the way it smells. Instead, clean with soap and rinse 3 times longer than normal.

    2. Diet Change
    To change your pet’s diet:
    · Stop milk.
    · Stop any foods with chemical preservatives or food colors, including treats.
    · Provide limited variety of protein and carbohydrate, for example feed something like ground turkey and artichokes, ground beef and sweet potatoes, or fish and barley for 2-3 weeks. Then, if there is no diarrhea, add one more ingredient and continue for another 2-3 weeks. Gradually increase the different types of food the pet receives.
    · Use organic when possible.
    · Use meats low in fat, such as hamburger with 12% fat rather than 20% fat.
    · The greatest proportion of diet should be protein and the smallest proportion should be grains—for most pets.
    · Provide food at room or body temperature.

    3. Provide Probiotics
    Probiotics are the live, friendly bacteria and yeast that make your cat’s gut happy and prevent bad bacteria from causing leaky gut syndrome, diarrhea, and other problems. Examples of beneficial probiotic bacteria and yeasts are:
    · Lactobacillus acidophilus
    · Lactobacillus bulgaricus
    · Lactobacillus thermophilus
    · Enterococcus faecium
    · Bifidobacterium bifidus
    · Streptococcus bulgaricus
    · Saccromyces.

    Probiotics at a low concentration are found in yogurt or kefir. Probiotics in high concentrations are found in special supplements, such as Fast Balance GI and Culturelle. Probiotics are helpful because they decrease Leaky Gut Syndrome, make vitamins, block toxin absorption, and prevent bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites from invading the gut.

    4. Provide Prebiotics
    Prebiotics are nutrients that make the good intestinal bacteria thrive.
    These are prebiotics:
    · inulin
    · fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
    · mannosoligosaccharides (MOS)
    · arabinogalactans (AG).

    Foods rich in prebiotics are:
    · artichoke
    · asparagus
    · bananas
    · black beans
    · carrots
    · barley.

    If puppies and kittens have symptoms of gut problems, such as diarrhea and increased gas, they need higher concentrations of prebiotics and probiotics than are easily obtained in food. Supplements available at most retail and internet outlets often do not contain either the number or type of organisms claimed on the label. Thus, they’d be a waste of money, but what’s worse is that your pets won’t be getting what they need. This is why it’s best to get a supplement from your veterinarian or using a product such as Fast Balance GI from http://www.vetri-science.com/.

    Monitor Your Pet
    Check your pet’s bottom and clean to remove any trace of diarrhea. Use damp, warm paper towels and discard after cleaning. Pat dry. If the bottom appears red, apply diaper rash ointment or Vaseline to the area around the anus after cleaning and drying.

    If the gut is healthy, your pet will gain weight and grow normally. Weigh your pet every week. If a puppy or kitten is not gaining weight, or if diarrhea contains blood, see your holistic veterinarian for homeopathic remedy. To find a holistic veterinarian in your area, check http://www.ahvma.org/, which is the website for the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association.
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    Testosterone & Singing

    Singing and testosterone
    In male birds the secretion of testosterone, the male hormone, stimulates growth of brain areas that influence singing.

    Do you think testosterone influences vocalization in dogs, cats, and other pets? If so, intact pets that still have their testicles should be more vocal than neutered pets. Pets neutered later in life should vocalize better than those neutered early.

    In the next few blogs entries we'll examine the effects of early spaying and neuteing on pets. Not all the effects are positive. Most are far more important than singing, barking, yeowling and other forms of vocalizing.
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    Feeding Dogs and Cats

    Feeding dogs and cats is extraordinarily difficult when manufactured foods have been shown not to contain optimum ingredients or to actually contain toxic ingredients. For these reasons, it’s best to make at least some of your pets’ food yourself.

    Organic Vegetables and Grains
    To give your dogs and cats the most benefit from your cooking, use organic vegetables. On average, organic vegetables and grains have 20-40% more antioxidants than do typical vegetables and grains raised in monocrop farms. Not only do our pets benefit from higher antioxidant levels, but by providing natural sources of antioxidants, we avoid the problems of nutrient imbalance and the deficits created by vitamin and mineral supplements.

    Avoid Vitamin and Mineral Supplements
    For more information on the negative effects of using vitamins and mineral supplements rather than providing whole foods or whole food supplements, check the last few blogs titled “Vitamins and Minerals Can Be Dangerous.” We’ve covered problems created by:
    • iron, copper, and zinc,
    • calcium and phosphorus, and
    • Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, and Vitamin B6.
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    Vitamins & Minerals for Pets, the B Vitamins

    Vitamins and Minerals Can Be Dangerous for Pets – Consider the B Vitamins
    In previous blogs we discussed why iron, zinc, vitamin C, calcium, and phosphorus supplements can be harmful. Let’s explore one more example of why supplements can be harmful by looking at the B vitamins; then, let’s look at food alternatives to vitamin supplements.

    Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, and Vitamin B6
    Giving excessive amounts of B1 (thiamin) causes deficiencies in B2 (riboflavin) and B6 (pyridoxine). We don’t want deficiencies in any of the B vitamins. Vitamin B1 is essential for energy production and the development of the myelin sheath that wraps around nerves, protecting them and increasing the speed of nerve transmission. Vitamin B1 also helps in the production of acetylcholine, which is the neurotransmitter nerves use to relay information to all the organs, including the heart and the digestive system. Vitamin B2 is important for energy metabolism including the use of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B6 is important for converting stored energy in glycogen into glucose that the blood can use immediately.

    Food Sources of Vitamins
    Instead of giving vitamin supplements that can disrupt the balance of other vitamins in the body, give goods that are high the B vitamins. Foods high in B1 include sunflower seeds, tuna, green peas, lima beans, spinach, mushrooms, asparagus, green peas, tomatoes, eggplant, and Brussels sprouts. Foods high in B2 include liver, spinach, asparagus, Swiss chard, broccoli, collard greens, venison, egg, yogurt, milk, green beans, kale, summer squash, soybeans, and beef. Vitamin B6 is found in spinach, bell peppers, turnip greens tuna, garlic, broccoli, carrots, sweet potatoes and yams, salmon, halibut, beef, chicken, and flaxseed.

    Healthy Dogs & Cats
    Because of the potential for causing imbalance by supplementing with vitamins or minerals, we do not recommend multivitamins or vitamin and mineral supplements for most dogs and cats. Instead, supplement with whole foods, such as whole ground flax products and fish or fish oils. Your pets will live longer.

    Research Into Antioxidant Supplements
    If you’re interested in research analysis of studies on the effects of taking antioxidant vitamins, a meta analysis of clinical trials was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association early in 2007: "Mortality in Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Authors are Goran Bjelakovic, Dimitrinka Nikolova, Lise Lotte Gluud, Rosa G. Simonetti, and Christian Gluud. JAMA 2007;297:842-857. Vol. 297 No. 8, February 28, 2007. These authors concluded that taking:
    • vitamin A increased death risk by 16 per cent,
    • beta carotene increased death risk by 7 per cent and
    • vitamin E increased death risk by 4 per cent.
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    Vitamins & Minerals for Pets, Calcium & Phosphorus

    Vitamins and Minerals Can Be Dangerous for Pets – Calcium & Phosphorus
    In a previous blog we discussed why iron, zinc, and vitamin C supplements can be harmful. Let’s explore other minerals included in multivitamin and mineral supplements that also have the potential to cause harm.

    Calcium and Phosphorus--in Excess
    Calcium and phosphorus are two minerals that all pets need, but they can cause serious health problems when given in supplements. Even when vitamin and mineral supplements are formulated specifically for pets, they are seldom ideal because the proportion of individual ingredients is not likely to match your particular pet’s ability to absorb and excrete them. For example, if you provide a vitamin and mineral supplement that has a little too much phosphorus for your pet, it will cause calcium deficiency and weak bones. If you provide a supplement that has a little too much calcium for growing puppies or kittens, it increases the likelihood that they will have bone irregularities and arthritis as adults. Bone pain and arthritis are chronic problems that take the joy out of exercise and playing with the family.

    Milk Fever Is Caused By Calcium Supplements
    Another example of harm that can come from supplements is milk fever that is caused by calcium supplements. Milk fever develops if we give calcium supplements to pregnant dogs and cats. When bitches and queens receive calcium supplements, their absorption of calcium decrease in order to maintain a normal calcium and phosphorus ratio. When these pets deliver their young and begin nursing, they suddenly need an increased amount of calcium but the mechanisms for increasing absorption have been turned off and are slow to turn back on. Nursing dogs and cats that cannot switch calcium absorption into high gear quickly develop milk fever or eclampsia due to hypocalcemia. The nursing mother with milk fever has muscle trembling, seizures, and irregular heart rhythms. Without emergency care, these nursing bitches and queens die because the brain, heart, and muscles don’t have the calcium they need.

    More on the Dangers of Supplements To Come
    In future blogs, we’ll cover other vitamins and minerals that cause problems when given in supplements. For most pets, it’s wiser to give whole foods than to give multivitamin and mineral supplements.
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    Vitamins & Minerals for Pets, Iron, Copper, Zinc, & Vitamin C

    Vitamins & Minerals Can Be Dangerous for Pets - Iron, Copper, Zinc, & Vitamin CIt's easy to worry that you're not feeding your pet well, but providing a multivitamin can do more harm than good. Vitamins and minerals interact in complex ways, and even multivitamins formulated for pets are not necessarily good for them.

    Iron, Copper, & Vitamin C
    Let's say your pet is anemic and you want to give it iron and vitamin C to build up red blood cells and correct the anemia. You pick out a multivitamin with iron and vitamin C that advertises to help increase pets' energy and build up the blood. While it's true that vitamin C and iron help build red blood cells, too much vitamin C and iron makes it difficult for your pet to absorb the copper it needs. Copper is just as important for building red blood cells as iron and vitamin C are.

    Zinc
    Similar problems occur when supplementing with zinc: zinc decreases copper absorption and makes it difficult for your pet to make red blood cells.

    To make matters worse, supplementing with iron, zinc, or copper causes chronic liver disease in some dogs. Often this is because dogs have a genetic enzyme deficiency that prevents them from moving minerals out of their body. For these dogs the liver swells as it becomes overwhelmed with copper, iron, and other minerals. These dogs experience liver pain throughout life, and most die at a young age.

    More On The Dangers of Supplements To Come
    In future blogs, we’ll cover other vitamins and minerals that cause problems when given in supplements. For most dogs, it’s wiser to give whole foods than to give multivitamin and mineral supplements.
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    Dog Breed Tests




    Dog Breed Tests, the Benefits of Knowing a Dog's Breed
    Knowing a dog’s breed is fun, and it’s helpful medically because different breeds are predisposed to develop different health problems. For example, Yorkshire Terriers are inclined to develop liver problems, and Rottweilers are inclined to develop bone cancer.

    Crazy Breed Test Results
    To identify the genetics of adopted dogs, many families are paying $60-80 for breed tests through their veterinary clinics. While these tests may be useful, in some cases they aren’t. The dog pictured above was declaired to be a Rottweiler -- even though the testing agency had the dog’s photo. The family said they thought this was so funny, and they love telling the story so much, that they never even asked for their money back.
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    Copper Supplements for Dogs

    Dog Breeds and the Danger of Copper Supplements
    We’re discussing medications and how they affect dogs of different breeds. We looked at the tranquilizer Acepromazine and the heart medication Pimobendan and which breeds should not have these medications. Now, let’s look at supplements that contain copper because some breeds should not have these supplements.

    Copper Is Found In Balance With Other Minerals In Nature
    In nature, there are small amounts—but a wide variety—of minerals contained in meat and plants. Some of the minerals actually compete for absorption so that a large amount of one mineral, such as copper, is never absorbed. In supplements, this competition and balance is lost because an arbitrarily chosen amount of mineral is added and not all minerals and vitamins that naturally occur are included. Thus, feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement rather than a whole food supplement can encourage an imbalance. Imbalances make dogs sick, especially if the minerals from the supplements are stored in the liver. One of the lethal mineral imbalances is caused by copper.

    Dog Breeds That Should Not Have Copper Supplements
    Although all dogs need copper, there are some breeds that lack the enzymes to move copper from the liver to the cells. If supplements containing copper are given, the rate at which the liver swells with copper is quite rapid. Eventually the liver is so full of copper that the liver fails. Because liver activities are essential for maintaining life, liver failure causes death.

    Among the breeds especially prone to develop copper hepatopathy (hepato=liver & pathy=disease or pathology) are the Bedlington Terrier, Skye Terrier, Westie, and Doberman Pinscher. New information suggests several other breeds, including the Cocker Spaniel and Labrador Retriever, may also have genetic inclination to develop copper storage disease and hepatopathy. To protect your pet, don’t give vitamin and mineral supplements—only whole food supplements.

    Health Problems Suggesting Liver Failure--These Dogs Should Not Have Copper Supplements
    Take precautions to decease copper in the food if your dog
    · has any tendency to liver disease, such as cancer or hepatiis,
    · is on medications that stress the liver, such as prednisone,
    · has a history of elevated liver enzymes (SAP, ALT, or ALP) or
    · has jaundice.

    Avoiding High Sources of Copper
    To decrease copper in the food and water don’t use copper pots for preparing dog food and don’t give water that has run through copper pipes. Avoid high copper foods including brewers yeast, organ meats, dried beans, and avocado. Instead feed low-copper foods, such as white meat from chicken and turkey, beef, eggs, oats and rice.
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    Pimobendan Medication for Dogs

    Dog Breeds and Medication Differences, Pimobendan
    We’re looking at how dog breeds react differently to medications. In a previous blog we discussed the tranquilizer, Acepromazine. Now, let’s look at the new cardiac medication, Pimobendan.

    Different breeds of dogs:
    · benefit from Pimobendan early in their disease
    · should not have Pimobendan early in their disease process
    · should never have it.

    What Pimobendan Does
    Pimobendan is prescribed for heart disease before heart failure develops because it strengthens the force of the heart’s contraction and it has dilates blood vessels so the heart doesn’t need to pump as hard to circulate the blood.

    Which Dog Breeds Should Have Pimobendan
    The dog breeds that benefit from Pimobendan when they have just been diagnosed with heart disease have large, floppy hearts that don’t contract efficiently. This is called dilated cardiomyopathy or DCM. The tendency to develop a large, floppy heart (DCM) is usually inherited by large and giant dogs, including the Afghan, Boxer, Borzoi, Doberman Pinscher, German Shepherd, Great Dane, Irish Wolfhound, Newfoundland, Old English Sheepdog, Saint Bernard, and Scottish Deerhound. For most breeds, males are twice as likely to become ill as females.

    Which Dog Breeds Should Not Have Pimobendan
    Dog breeds that should not be given Pimobendan until their heart disease has progressed are small and medium-sized breeds with faulty mitral valves (endocardiosis): Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Cocker Spaniel, Chihuahua, Dachshund, Miniature Pinscher, Miniature and Toy Poodle, Pomeranian, Maltese, Miniature Schnauzer, Shih Tzu, Whippet, and Yorkshire Terrier. When these breeds have early heart disease they actually develop heart failure faster when given Pimobendan than when not given it.

    A dog breed that may not benefit from Pimobendan at any time is the English Cocker Spaniel. Spaniels are prone to develop a dilated heart because of low taurine levels in the heart muscle. The heart taurine levels are low even when the blood taurine levels are normal. Spaniels can be given taurine, Lasix, and other medications for heart disease rather than Pimobendan.
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    Acepromazine, Dog Medication

    Dog breeds and medication differences: Acepromazine
    There is such a big difference between dog breeds that we shouldn’t be surprised there are differences in how breeds respond to medications. For example, the tranquilizing drug acepromazine (Ace), which is prescribed for anxiety, may calm some Labradors, but it doesn’t seem to do much for Jack Russells, Westies, Scotties, and other terriers. On the other hand, Ace has such a strong effect that it is not a good drug for Greyhounds, Mastiffs, Irish Wolfhounds, Great Danes, and other large-breed dogs. Knowing which medications are helpful and which are harmful for your pets makes it easier to take good care of them.
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    Halloween Safety for Dogs & Cats



    Halloween is so much fun for us that we forget it isn’t a great time for our pets. Among the reasons pets dislike this scary holiday are:


    • strangers at the door


    • wild, flapping costumes


    • firecrackers and loud noises


    • candy bowls and chocolate bars


    • burning candles


    • doorbells.

    To keep pets safe


    • Close all the windows so pets can’t become frightened and jump out.


    • Put collars with ID tags on all pets.


    • Confine pets in a room with a closed door when opening the front door


    • Have pets on a leash when the door opens.


    • Use lights rather than burning candles.


    • Put all candy and chocolate in sealed containers.


    • Don’t put way-cool costumes on pets unless they like dressing up.


    • Let everyone know if they’re caught feeding candy to the pet, they will brush its teeth, and they will give up all rights to handling candy.


    • Have a calming pheromone diffuser in the living room.


    • Put a sign on the door that says, “Thanks for being kind and not scaring our pets.”

    To help pets love Halloween


    • Take a long walk so pets are tired and want to sleep during the evening.


    • Keep tiny dog treats by the door and let each costumed kid feed one to your pets.


    • Reward your pets for sitting during the visit by giving them a treat when the visitors have gone and the door is safely shut.


    • Have your pets stay with friends who live in an area that doesn’t get Halloween visitors.
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    Dog Food

    Dog Food Should Be Whole Food - Not Breakfast Cereal Food
    Feeding dogs has become complex and we veterinarians have been one of the causes of unnecessary complexity. Only a hundred years ago, all dogs ate handouts and what they caught in the fields. Today, they eat the equivalent of packaged cereal because we veterinarians sell it, and we tell folks not to feed table food. Consider what we’ve done to our pets with this advice—we’ve created dogs and cats without the fresh nutrients they need to be really healthy. Realizing this, some veterinarians recommend that pet families buy supplements, vitamins, fish oils, and protein products to boost the nutrient value of pet food. While many of these products are helpful, the real solution is to feed pets real food, just as we feed ourselves.

    Pets are healthiest when they eat fresh meats, fish, vegetables, and grains, but it's important to make the switch to healthier foods gradually. Offer small amounts of raw, cooked, or pureed foods to supplement what you’re feeding now and gradually increase the new foods as you decrease the old.

    Avoid giving vitamin and mineral pills thinking they will ensure what you’re feeding is balanced and complete. Vitamins and minerals interact in complex ways. For example, the absorption of iron is increased when it is given with vitamin C, but Vitamin C decreases copper absorption. Too much zinc also decreases copper and iron absorption. Too much Vitamin B1 decreases B2 and B6 absorption. Too much phosphorus decreases calcium absorption. Because of these interactions, it is always best to supplement with whole foods rather than with vitamins. Our pets evolved being able to extract exactly what they need, and in the right ratios, from whole foods.

    If your lifestyle doesn’t allow home-prepared foods, use an excellent pet food (Azmira, Wellness, Canidae, and Solid Gold), then supplement with a little of the meat and vegetables you make for yourself. Your pet will love you for it, and it will have a longer, healtheir life.
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    Dogs Marching Against the War




    We know dogs are against war. They don’t like firecrackers, rockets, or their family members leaving home to join the Army. Although dogs are as against the Iraq war as we are, perhaps they should not participate in marches to express their political opinions.

    We saw more than a dozen pooches in the San Francisco March Saturday, October 27, 2007, and few appeared happy. Among the canine expressions we saw were worry, fear, and hesitation. No dog had that relaxed little, open-mouth smile. None moved with a delightful bounce. Not one mirrored the hopeful expectation of the marchers. The elements that excited those of us marching appeared to overwhelm the dogs:
    · beating drums
    · blaring loudspeakers
    · vibrating asphalt
    · flashing costumes
    · waving signs
    · helicopters.

    Despite the dogs’ willingness to walk with us, despite their being politely on leash, the march was not the place for them. There were no bowls of water or strategically placed garbage cans for dog waste. Given the noise and the fact there were no provisons for dogs, is it any wonder that there were no doggie smiles on the Golden Retrievers, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Border Collies, Australian Shepherds, Australian Heelers, Jack Russell Terriers, Shih Tzus, and mutts?

    We march because we don’t have direct control on Bush, Rice, and Cheney, but we do have direct control over the lives of our dogs. We can give them the peace and security that we deny those in the Middle East. We can give them the environment they crave, lounging at home looking forward to the time we return from having done our best to make the world a better place.
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    Puppy Safety and Vaccines

    Puppy Safety and Common Misconceptions about Vaccines
    Some families try to protect their puppies by isolating them from other dogs until the pup has had a full set of vaccines. This is both harmful and helpful.

    Harmful to Puppies
    The pup’s brain is most open to socialization and new experiences when it is young so that depriving a pup of exposure to a wide variety of stimuli increases the likelihood it will be anxious around these stimuli as an adult. No other period in a pup’s life will be as significant in terms of socialization as it’s first few months of life. More dogs have trouble with anxiety and fear-based biting than have trouble with parvo or distemper.

    Isolation to prevent infection prevents proper socialization and learning. This is harmful.

    Helpful to Puppies
    Isolation is helpful because it prevents a pup from being overwhelmed by bacteria and viruses from sick dogs or from infected secretions and feces of sick dogs. This isolation allows a pup’s immune system to mature so it is better able to fight any germs it comes across.

    The compromise
    To provide a pup with experiences it needs during critical period of social development, think of all the places it needs to see and experiences it needs to have in order to be a healthy adult. Then rank the places and experiences as likely to be germ-laden or free of pathogens. Consider the physical environment—soil, floors, furniture, carpets. Consider the animals—immature immune systems, weak immune systems, or healthy. Consider the people—healthy, happy, frail, immune-suppressed, or robust. The way you’ve ranked these exposures will help you generate lists like those below:
    · Things to avoid
    · Things to do.

    Things to avoid to keep your pup safe
    Protect your pup by avoiding environments that are potentially harmful, such as the following:
    · pet playgrounds
    · pet stores
    · roadside pet areas
    · vet clinic (Have the vet come to your home)
    · puppy classes
    · dog photo shoots
    · parades
    · SPCA
    · Humane Society
    · foster home with newly arrived foster pets

    Things to do to keep your pup safe
    Enjoy doing as many low-risk activities with high socialization potential as possible, such as the following:
    · Visit the breeder and play with the parents if the breeder has only a few dogs (Don’t visit a breeder with so many dogs they are kenneled.)
    · Visit your parents and their adult dogs.
    · Have your neighbors bring their adult dogs over for play dates
    · Visit places with animals and people, but few visiting dogs, such as a horse farm, you-pick orchard, or Christmas tree farm.

    Enjoy
    This is an ideal time to begin questioning many of the beliefs you have about puppies and health, vaccines, and germs. Life with your pup can be both safe and full of the joy of new experience.
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    AKC Dog Breeds

    AKC Dog Breeds Dying Out in the US
    Although thousands of dogs are registered every year with the AKC, and many breeds, such as the Yorkshire Terrier, are increasing in number, some breeds are dying out. The following dog breeds may become extinct because each has fewer than 100 litters/year:
    • Anatolian Shepherds

    • Bedlington Terriers

    • Belgian Sheepdogs

    • Belgian Tervuren

    • Black and Tan Coonhounds

    • Briards

    • Canaan Dogs

    • Dandie Dinmont Terriers

    • Finnish Spitz

    • Foxhounds (American)

    • Foxhounds (English)

    • German Pinschers

    • Greyhounds

    • Harriers

    • Ibizan Hounds

    • Komondorok

    • Kuvaszok

    • Lowchen

    • Miniature Bull Terriers

    • Otterhounds

    • Petits Bassets Griffons Vendeens

    • Pharaoh Hounds

    • Plotts

    • Polish Lowland Sheepdogs

    • Pulik

    • Retrievers (Curly-Coated)

    • Retrievers (Flat-Coated)

    • Salukis

    • Scottish Deerhounds

    • Sealyham Terriers

    • Skye Terriers

    • Spaniels (American Water)

    • Spaniels (Clumber)

    • Spaniels (Field)

    • Spaniels (Irish Water)

    • Spaniels (Sussex)

    • Spaniels (Welsh Springer)

    • Spinone Italiano

    • Wirehaired Pointing Griffons
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    Pet Stress & Illness

    We often neglect the effects of stress on pets, but isn’t that foolish. We know stress causes illness in humans, and all the following are acknowledged to be stress-induced human illnesses in many cases:
    · Vomiting
    · Diarrhea
    · Spastic bowel
    · Stress colitis
    · Hives
    · Headaches

    When we see similar symptoms in pets, we should consider the stress factor, just as we do with human symptoms.

    For example, pets that vomit when a family member dies or moves to college should be assessed for stress. Petsthat develop diarrhea after being kenneled should be assessed for stress as much as for bacteria or viral infection. Pets with red, itchy skin that looks like hives should be assessed for stress just as we assess their potential for allergies, flea sensitivity, drug reaction, mites, lice, and ringworm.

    Headaches in pets
    Assessing pets for headaches is tough because we have no method of confirming a pet has a headache, but logically we know they will have under many circumstances. I personally consider headaches a possibility for any pet that doesn’t have a healthy energy or expression coming from the eyes. I’m sure you’ve seen the same thing many times and might also have considered the possibility of headaches. These pets just ain’t doing right (ADR), even though we can’t find problems on lab tests or x-rays. Some of our ADR pets probably have stress headaches.

    Treating stress
    What should be done for ill, stressed pets? First go with the comfort food: Serve warm, easily digested chicken broth or beef broth. Then plug in an atomizer that emits calming pheromones. Put calming flower essences in the water, or give a calming homeopathic medication. If your pet is ill enough to need veterinary care, have your vet outline an anti-stress plan along with a plan to treat illness. Our pets recover so much faster when psychological factors are addressed with the physical.

    Preventing stress
    How can we prevent stress and stress-induced illness? The next time your pet faces a potentially stressful circumstances, use the anti-stress pheromones, flower essences, and homeopathy before the event. Pre-emptive calming products decrease the stress of the event and prevent illness. Using pre-emptive products, we’ll save money in the long run, and our pets will love us for it.
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    Mammary Tumors in Cats

    Sadness of Living With Pets That Have Cancer
    We are living with a pet with cancer and recognize the great sorrow and joy that comes to those with a pet ill that has a disease we cannot cure. For us, the best solution is to make treatment choices based on conventional and holistic research and the wishes of our pet. We intentionally "consult" with our sick pet and ask how it would like to be approached. No amount of academic information gives the same level of faith and hope that we find when communicating with the pet we’re focused on helping. Together we make the right choices for treatment.

    Mammary Tumor In A Friend's Cat

    Our friends have a cat with tumors along the mammary line. About 85% of cats with mammary tumors have metastatic cancer. This is different than with dogs where only half the cases of mammary tumors are metastatic.

    Conventional Treatment for Mammary Tumors in Cats

    The conventional treatment for feline mammary tumor is surgical removal and chemotherapy. The holistic treatment is to change the energy that caused tumor to occur in the first place. For example, change quality of food, toxins in environment, stress, etc.

    Statistically, cats that have tumors removed surgically do not live longer, but they have a longer “disease-free” interval. We estimate how long a cat will live—this is called a prognosis—based on overall health, whether the cancer has spread (metastasized) to lymph nodes or to the lungs, and how large the tumor is:


    · If the size of the tumor is greater than 1 ¼ inch (3 cm), cats live about 6 months.
    · If cancer cells have spread to lymph nodes, cats generally die within 6 months.
    · If tumor is less than 1 inch (2 cm), cats can live for several years.
    · If the tumors are not spreading, about 90% will live for at least another year.
    · If the tumors are proliferating, 12% may live for another year.

    Focusing On What's Important In Life
    We extend our love and support to our friends, their cat, and all who have pets with cancer. Make the best of whatever time you have with your pet, be upbeat and positive. No cat wants to live with a family that’s focused on what’s wrong with it. Cats want to live surrounded by peace, slurping up great food, awash with fun toys or outdoor adventure. When cats become sick, it’s their way of telling us to refocus on what’s important in life.
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    Disc Disease & Acupuncture

    Acupuncture For Dogs With Disc Disease, including Dachshunds, Cocker Spaniels, Springer Spaniels, Poodles, and Pekingese
    Research on Benefits of Acupuncture
    Hope for dogs with disc disease is clearly described in The Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (JAVMA) September 15, 2007 article on acupuncture. Many families have been told that their pets cannot recover from severe disc disease without surgery costing $4,000-6,000. Unable to afford surgery and afraid that their pets will not recover, families have chosen to euthanize pets with disc disease. Clearly, there are other options.

    The research by Drs. Ayne Murata Hayashi, Julia Maia Matera, and Ana Carolina Brandao de Campos Fonseca Pinto shows that acupuncture should be considered before euthanasia, and perhaps before surgery. The study used two groups of dogs with similar levels of disc damage that ranged from mild to severe. Dogs in both groups were given regular veterinary care with pain medication and anti-inflammatory steroid injections. Dogs in one group were also given electroacupuncture, which sends electrical impulses through the acupuncture needles.

    Results for dogs receiving regular care and acupuncture:

    • 8 of 10 dogs with inability to urinate properly recovered full or partial urinary control.
    • 24 of 26 dogs with inability to know where their feet are (proprioceptive deficit) recovered full or partial proprioception.
    • 25 of 26 dogs developed full or partial ability to walk.
    • 88.5% of dogs were successfully treated.


      Results for dogs receiving regular care and no acupuncture:
    • 6 of 12 dogs with inability to urinate properly recovered full or partial urinary control
    • 13 of 24 dogs with inability to know where their feet were (proprioceptive deficit) recovered full or partial proprioception
    • 14 of 24 dogs developed full or partial the ability to walk
    • 58.3% of dogs were successfully treated.

    Treatment occurred over a 1-2 month period with dogs most severely affected receiving the longest care. The rate at which dogs improved and were able to walk was significantly faster for those receiving acupuncture (10 days) than for those not receiving it (21 days). Recovery to walking within 10 days is the best that is achieved in dogs undergoing surgery, the “gold standard” of care for disc disease.

    Dog Breeds That Develop Disc Disease

    Dogs most likely to develop disc disease were involved in the study: Dachshunds, Cocker Spaniels, Springer Spaniels, Poodles, and Pekingese. Other dogs with long backs and short legs are also at risk for disc disease and should note these results. Wouldn’t it be wise to look for a holistic veterinarian who does acupuncture before emergency treatment is necessary.

    Want To Read the Research?

    For more information on the study, look in PubMed at www.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/ for “Evaluation of electroacupuncture treatment for thoracolumbar intervertebral disk disease in dogs” by Ayne Murata Hayashi, Julia Maia Matera, and Ana Carolina Brandao de Campos Fonseca Pinto in JAVMA, Vol 231, No 6, September 15, 2007.

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    Joint Injury in Dogs & Joint Medication

    Joint Injury in Dogs--Best Treatment Is Injectable Joint Medication
    When dogs have a severe joint injury use an injectable joint medication, such as Adequan, rather than an oral medication.

    Medication for Acute Joint Injury

    With sudden or severe injury, injectable medications are better than oral joint medications because they reach the joint quickly and do not rely on absorption through the stomach and intestines. Some oral joint medications are difficult to absorb so our pets receive very little benefit from them. Although injectable joint medications are expensive prescription drugs, you can keep the cost down by giving the injections yourself—if you have the training. Products such as Adequan do not sting and can be given easily under the skin or into the muscle with very tiny needles.

    Repair Versus Pain Relief--Disadvantage of NSAIDs

    Because of the advertising done by pharmaceutical companies, many pet owners think the best medication for sudden injury is a on a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). NSAIDs help control pain, but they also delay healing. Instead, it is better to use a medication that actually helps repair the joint. Also, rest your pet, put ice on the injury, and elevate the limb.
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    Joint Supplements for Dogs

    Most joint supplements for dogs contain chondroitin and glucosamine. Chondroitin is made from processed cattle tracheas (the windpipe) and glucosamine is made from processed crabs or shellfish. Thegoal of processing is to break down the trachea and shell material so it forms small, absorbable molecules. Unfortunately, not all processed glucosamine and chondroitin has been broken down into molecules small enough to be absorbed. If unabsorbed, the glucosamine and chondroitin pass through the intestines and out of the body providing no benefit to our pets—and wasting our money.

    To spend your money wisely and help your pet, evaluate joint products carefuly before you purchase them. Discuss joint the products with your veterinarian to learn how to tell which are truly beneficial.
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    Microchips and Cancer in Dogs

    Microchips Are Metal Implants
    Some years ago my sister Teresa was a racehorse jockey. She was thrown by a young horse, fractured an ankle, and had screws inserted to stabilize a trimaleolar fracture. At that time. I researched everything I could about screws and metal implants, and it was already well known that implants, even inert stainless steel, increased the incidence of cancer. My advice to Teresa was to have the ankle repaired with screws and have the screws removed when the ankle was stable.

    Microchips, Inflammation & Cancer

    Microchips for pets will, like bone screws, cause inflammation, and inflammation sets the stage for cancer. For this reason, I do not recommend microchips for all dogs, only for those for whom the risk of dying from being lost is greater than the risk of dying from cancer. For pets that stray, travel, or are so highly valued they may be stolen, the benefit of microchips outweighs the small odds that cancer will develop.

    Reducing the Risk of Cancer Caused By Chips

    We can reduce the risk of cancer in microchipped pets, and in all pets, with proper food, which means lots of fresh foods and not a diet of kibble. Even kibbles sold by veterinary clinics should not be the main diet of pets at risk for cancer.

    Antioxidants in Foods Help Protect Pets From Cancer

    At one time we thought antioxidant vitamins helped prevent cancer, but research has shown that humans taking antioxidant vitamins die at a younger age than those not taking antioxidant vitamins. On the other hand, those eating foods rich in antioxidants live longer than those not eating antioxidant foods. Sources of natural antioxidants include decaffeinated green tea, blueberries, carrots, broccoli, fresh ground flax seed, and all deeply pigmented fruits and vegetables.
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    Allergic Dogs & Bathing

    Bathing Allergic Dogs Relieves Symptoms
    Medicated shampoos, conditioners, and sprays help allergic dogs.
    Just washing your dog weekly helps decrease allergy symptoms because washing physically removes pollens, bacteria, and yeasts that contribute to itchy skin and allergy-induced hot spots.

    Benefits of Bathing
    In addition to the physical benefit of washing, which removes antigens, shampoos and conditioners medicate and soothe the skin. The most useful products for allergic dogs contain fatty acids, emollients, and steroids. It is much healthier for dogs if these medications are applied directly to the skin than if they are given as pills or injections. With pills and injections, especially if they contain steroids, the entire body is affected in order to treat the skin.

    Ingredients For Allergic Pets
    The following are some ingredients used in soothing or medicated shampoos, conditioners, and sprays:
    aloe
    balm mint
    burdock
    calendula
    chamomile
    comfrey
    cranesbill
    fatty acids
    hops
    hydrocortisone 0.5%
    lanolin
    lavender
    lemon peel
    oatmeal
    Pramoxine HCl
    sage
    tea tree oil (melaleuca oil)
    thyme
    yarrow.
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    Dog Urine—How Much Should A Dog Pee?

    Dog Urine—How Much Should A Dog Pee?
    Watching how much a dog drinks and urinates helps us know when there are problems. Dogs that drink too much and pee too much can have:
    · Kidney disease
    · Diabetes
    · Addison’s disease with aldosterone deficiency
    · Diabetes mellitus
    · Diabetes insipidus
    · Behavioral problems.

    So, what is normal and when should you ask your veterinarian to check your pet to see if there is a problem?

    Drinking
    A dog normally drinks less than 90 ml/kg (40 ml/lb or 1.3 ounces/lb).
    · A 10-lb dog would drink less than 400 ml or 12 ounces.
    · A 50-lb dog would drink less than 2000 ml or 2 liter, about 8 cups.
    · A 100-lb dog would drink less than 4000 ml or 4 liters, about 16 cups.

    Urinating
    A dog normally urinates less than 45 ml/kg (20 ml/lb).
    · A 10-lb dog would urinate less than 200 ml or 6 ounces.
    · A 50-lb dog would urinate less than 1000 ml or 1 liter, about 4 cups.
    · A 100-lb dog would urinate less than 2000 ml or 2 liters, about 8 cups.

    Urine Specific Gravity (USPG)
    Measuring the concentration of particles (osmotic concentration) in the urine reflects how much a dog drinks and how often it urinates. The lab tests that measures the urine concentration is called urine specific gravity or USPG. The urine of a healthy dog should not be extremely concentrated or extremely dilute but be in the range of 1.012 and 1.060.

    When the USPG is dilute, that is in the range of 1.008 and 1.012, we are concerned that the dog cannot concentrate its urine. This is called isosthenuria. Urine that is isosthenuric can indicate that the pet is drinking excessively or has a disease, such as Polycystic Kidney Disease, Addison’s disease, Diabetes insipidus, or a behavioral problem. Blood tests reveal whether there is a true problem, or just a tendency to drink excessive amounts of water.

    When the USPG is concentrated, that is in the range of 1.030-1.060, the dog may be concentrating the urine normally, may be dehydrated, vomiting, have diarrhea, or may have a disease, such as Diabetes mellitus. Blood tests reveal the cause of the high specific gravity.

    Normal human USPG
    Normal human USPG is similar to that of dogs: 1.002-1.028.
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    Human-Animal Bond

    Human-Animal Bond Statistics from Bizate Research

    56% of women feel their pets are more affectionate than their partners.
    45% of women think their pets are cuter than their partners.

    73% of females say they are more likely to date or marry someone who also has a pet.
    72% of women say their pets make them happier than their jobs.
    60% of men say their pets make them happier than their jobs.
    70% of women say their pets reflect their personalities.

    Hartz Human-Animal Bond Survey
    76% of pet owners say their pet is a loyal companion and part of the family.

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    Dangerous Medications for Dogs & Cats

    Dangerous Human Medications for Dogs & CatsDon’t use human over-the-counter (OTC) products for your pet—unless your veterinarian specifically tells you to.
    While some human drugs can be used for pets, many human OTC drugs are toxic to dogs and cats.

    POTENTIALLY TOXIC OTC MEDICATIONS FOR PETS

    · Bonine®
    · Contac Day & Night®
    · Contac Severe Cold & Flu®
    · Dimetapp Allergy & Sinus®
    · Ex-Lax®
    · Fleet® enema
    · Imodium A-D®
    · OcuClear®
    · Visine LR®
    · Visine®

    Fortunately, many excellent medications have been found safe for pet use.
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    Malnourished Dogs Saved By Good Samaritan

    There is a sad story about undernourished and sick dogs in Gladwater TX, but under the sad story is a wonderful story of compassion.

    Teresa Dawson had many Chihuahuas, Boston Terriers, Yorkies and other small-breed dogs living in filthy conditions around her property. Garbage, feces, and twice the normal amount of ammonia enveloped the little dogs. A stranger who came to Ms. Dawson’s property when she wasn’t there observed the condition of the dogs, returned with a 40-lb bag of dog food, fed the dogs, then contacted authorities. The dogs will receive the veterinary care and treatment they need and, one hopes, new homes.

    Our gratitude goes to the compassionate human being who saw what needed to be done and took action.
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    Contaminated Raw Food from Bravo

    One of the dangers with raw food is bacterial contamination. Raw food made by Bravo has been found contaminated with two types of bacteria: Salmonella and Listeria.

    Salmonella and Listeria make dogs, people, and other pets ill. When humans or pets have weak immune systems, they can become seriously ill with diarrhea, fever, headache, and other symptoms.

    Salmonella and Listeria can be spread from infected pets to other pets and to people.

    The best way to control bacteria and prevent infection from spreading if a pet becomes ill is to pick up feces and destroy it or compost it so that it heats up. Freezing does not kill salmonella, so leaving infected poop in a snowdrift for a week isn’t helpful. The next step is handwashing. Then, clean all kitchen utensils that may have been contaminated by the infected food because bacteria survive for long periods on cutting boards, unwashed bowls and refrigerator surfaces.

    Affected Bravo products:

    Bravo Original Formula Chicken Blend frozen raw food
    Product Numbers: 21-102, 21-105, 21-110
    Sizes: 2 pound, 5 pound, and 10 pound tubes
    Batch ID code (on hang tag): 236

    Bravo Original Formula Turkey Blend frozen raw food
    Product Numbers: 31-102, 31-105, 31-110
    Sizes: 2 pound, 5 pound, and 10 pound tubes
    Batch ID code (on hang tag): 236

    Bravo Basic Formula Finely Ground Chicken frozen raw food
    Product Number: 21-212
    Size: 2 pound tube
    Batch ID Code (on hang tag): 226
    Reason for Recall: Salmonella, Listeria

    More information is available on the Bravo website:
    http://www.bravorawdiet.com/recallinfo.html.

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